Animal Anatomy

Animal Anatomy


Acetabulum

Acetabulum is an anatomical term applied to any cup-like cavity, as that of a bone to receive the protuberant end of another bone.

Adam's Apple

Adam's Apple is the popular name for the thyroid cartilage. That is the prominence seen in the front of the throat of man. It is small and invisible in females. It is so called from the notion that a piece of the forbidden fruit stuck in Adam's throat.

Adenoids

Adenoids is the pathological enlargement of the lymphoid tissue.

Adipose tissue

Adipose tissue is a form of connective tissue in which the constituent cells are modified to enable them to contain droplets of oil. (Fat).

Adrenal glands

The adrenal glands are a pair of glands on the kidneys which secrete adrenalin and other hormones.

Alimentary

The alimentary canal is the channel in an animal through which food passes.

Alveoli

see "Alveolu"

Alveolus

An alveolus is a lung air sac where gas exchange with the blood occurs.

Amitosis

Amitosis is the anatomical term given to cell reproduction by direct division. The nucleus becomes constricted in the middle, forming an hour-glass shape and then divides into two. This is followed by a division of the whole protoplasmic mass of the cell; two daughter cells are thus formed, each containing a nucleus. Direct division occurs in leucocytes and bone-cells, and in the epithelial cells lining the urinary bladder.

Amnion

The amnion is a membranous sac which surrounds the embryo; it is developed in reptiles, birds and mammals, but not in amphibia or fishes.

Anaphase

Anaphase is the 3rd stage of mitosis cell reproduction. The centromeres split into 2 halves which repel each other.

Anatomy

Anatomy describes the structure and organisation of living creatures.

Anconeus

The Anconeus is a muscle in the human arm. It assists the Triceps in extending the elbow-joint.

Ankle

The ankle is the joint connecting the foot with the leg.

Antenna

An antenna is a sensory organ found on the head of insects.

Antibody

An antibody is a bodily protein that inactivates infection.

Aorta

The aorta is the largest artery in the human body. It carries blood from the heart to the arms, legs and head.

Aqueous humour

The Aqueous humour is the watery fluid found in the space between the cornea and the lens of the eyes of vertebrates.

Areolar tissue

Areolar tissue is a generalised form of connective tissue in which the constituent cells are separated by a semi-fluid matrix in which both white connective tissue and yellow elastic fibres are found.

Arm

The arm is a limb extending from the shoulder of an animal.

Artery

An artery is a vessel that conveys blood from the heart.

Atlas

In anatomy, the 1st cervical vertebrae is called the atlas because it supports the globe of the head.

Auricle

The auricles are resevoirs within the heart which receive blood from the veins.

Axis

In anatomy, the 2nd cervical vertebrae is called the axis. It provides the pivot for the atlas and the head.

Biceps

The biceps are a long fusiform muscle on the front of the arm. They are used to flex the elbows.

Bile

Bile is a secretion of the liver stored in the gall bladder.

Bladder

The bladder is a sack in the abdomen which collects urine from the kidneys.

Blood

Blood is a body fluid that carries food and oxygen to cells.

Blubber

Blubber is the thick coating of fat enveloping whales.

Bone

Bone is the hard skeletal part of an animal.

Bowel

The bowels is a popular term for the division of the alimentary canal below the stomach, that is the intestines.

Bowels

see "Bowel"

Brachialis

The Brachialis is a muscle covering the front of the human elbow-joint. It is used to flex the elbow.

Brain

The brain is the central organ of the nervous system.

Bronchi

The bronchial tubes (bronchi) are a division of the trachea which branch repeatedly into small bronchioles within the lungs.

Bronchial

see "Bronchi"

Calcaneum

In human anatomy, the calcaneum is the largest and strongest of the tarsal bones. It projects backwards beyond the bones of the leg to provide a lever for the muscles of the calf.

Capillary

A capillary is a fine blood vessel which carries blood to cells.

Capitate bone

The capitate bone is the largest bone in the human wrist.

Carpus

The carpus are the bones of the human wrist.

Cartilage

Cartilage or cartilaginous tissue covers the ends of the bones where they come together to make a joint. It enables the bones to move easily.

Cartilaginous joint

In anatomy, a cartilaginous joint is an articulation where the bones are joined by cartilage, and a limited amount of movement is possible.

Cell

A cell, in biological terms, is the material unit of all living things.

Cephalic

Cephalic is a classification of human skull. It refers to the shape of skull posessed by Kaffirs and Native Australians.

Cerebellum

The cerebellum is the lower part of the brain, it controls muscular movements and postural equilibrium.

Cerebrum

The cerebrum is the upper and larger portion of the brain and occupies the whole of the dome of the cranium.

Cervical vertebrae

The cervical vertebrae are the 7 vertebrae closest to the skull.

Clavicle

In human anatomy, the clavicle is a long bone which lies almost horizontally at the root of the neck. It serves 2 main functions; to act as a prop which braces back the shoulder and enables the limb to swing clear of the trunk. And to transmit part of the weight of the limb to the axial skeleton.

Coccyx

In human anatomy, the coccyx is the bone at the apex of the sacrum. It is usually comprised of 4 vertebrae fused together.

Colon

The colon is the large intestine.

Connective tissue

Connective tissue is derived from the mesenchyme and includes a number of tissues which have a passive, binding function. In a connective tissue the parent cells are separated more or less widely from one another by a homogeneous matrix or ground substance, in which fibres may or may not be present.

Coracobrachialis

The Coracobrachialis is a human muscle used to draw the arm forwards and prevent side-sway when the arm is raised by the Deltoid.

Coracoid Bone

In birds, the Coracoid Bone is the bone joining the sternum to the shoulder and supporting the wing. In mammals it is represented by the coracoid process of the scapula.

Costal Cartilages

In human anatomy, the costal cartilages are bars of hyaline cartilage which extend forwards from the anterior ends of the ribs and contribute to the elasticity of the thorax.

Cuneiform bones

The cuneiform bones are three bones in the human foot behind the first three metatarsal bones.

Cuticle

The cuticle is the horny outside layer of skin.

Deltoid

The deltoid muscle is a triangular muscle in the shoulder used to lift the upper arm.

Desmology

Desmology is the branch of anatomy dealing with ligaments and sinews.

Diaphragm

The diaphragm is a large transverse muscle at the base of the thorax, used in respiration to draw air into the lungs.

Diploe

Diploe is the anatomical term for the spongy substance between flat bones.

Dura Mater

The dura mater is the membrane which covers the brain.

Ear

The ear is the organ used for hearing. It converts sound into electrical impulses that are fed to the brain.

Eggs

see "Egg"

Endocrine gland

An endocrine gland is one which secretes hormones into the body.

Epidermis

The epidermis is the outer layer of an animal's skin.

Epiglottis

The epiglottis is a fibro-cartilaginous lid shaped like a leaf which covers the upper opening of the larynx.

Epithelium

Epithelium is an anatomical term a basic type of bodily tissue. It comprises the external surface of the skin, the internal surfaces of the digestive, respiratory and urogenital systems and others. The constituent cells of an epithelium are always closely packed together and the intercellular substance is reduced to a minimum.

Erythrocyte

Erythrocyte is the anatomical term for red corpuscles.

Exocrine gland

An exocrine gland is one which secretes onto a surface. Such as a sweat gland.

Eye

The eye is the organ of vision.

Fallopian tubes

The Fallopian tubes are two tubes in mammals which carry eggs from the ovary to the uterus. Eggs are fertilised in the Fallopian tubes by sperm, and then moved to the ovary by way of cilia.

Femur

The femur is the thigh bone in the human leg.

Fibrous joint

In anatomy, a fibrous joint is an articulation in which the surfaces of the bones are fastened together by intervening fibrous tissue, and in which there is no appreciable motion, as in the joints between the bones of the human cranium.

Fibrous Joints

In anatomy, fibrous joints are articulations in which the surfaces of the bones are fastened together by intervening fibrous tissue, and in which there is no appreciable motion. For example between the bones of the cranium.

Fibula

The fibula is the lateral bone of the leg. It is slender, compared to the tibia. It's purpose is to give attachment to the muscles.

Flagellum

Flagellum are a small hair-like organ on the surface of certain cells. They are the motile organs of the sperm cells of higher animals.

Flat bone

In human anatomy, flat bones occur where the principal requirement of the skeleton is to protect delicate structures or provide broad surfaces for muscular attachment. The bones are comprised of two thin layers of compact bone separated by a variable quantity of spongy substance.

Flat bones

In human anatomy, flat bones provide protection and a broad surface for muscular attachment. They are formed of two thin layers of compact bone separated by a spongy substance.

Foetus

A foetus is an unborn offspring of an animal.

Follicle

A follicle is a small group of cells that surrounds and nourishes a structure such as a hair (hair follicle) or a cell such as an egg (Graafian follicle).

Fontanelle

The fontanelle is a membrane covered vault in the skull. It normally closes during infancy.

Fovea

The fovea is a small depression in the retina where vision is most acute.

Frontal bone

The frontal bone is the plate at the front of the top of the human skull. It forms the forehead.

Gall Bladder

The gall bladder is a small muscular sac attached to the liver.

Ganglion

A ganglion is an enlargment occuring somewhere in the course of a nerve, and containing nerve cells in addition to nerve filaments.

Gastric Juice

Gastric Juice is a clear, colourless fluid secreted by the mucous membrane of the stomach, and is the chief agent in digestion.

Gastric System

The Gastric System refers to all parts of the body which contribute to digestion.

Gastrocnemius

The Gastrocnemius is a muscle forming most of the human calf.

Gill

see "Gills"

Gills

Gills are a respiratory organ found in animals which obtain oxygen from water, such as crustaceans, molluscs, fish and amphibians.

Gizzard

The gizzard is a strong muscular part of a bird's alimentary canal which enables them to grind their food. Gizzards also occur in many gasteropods, and in certain cephalopods and crustaceans.

Gland

A gland is a bodily organ that manufactures and secretes enzymes, hormones or other chemicals.

Gluteus maximus

The Gluteus maximus is a large muscle in the human back-side.

Gnathic

Gnathic is a classification of human skull shape found in Europeans.

Graafian Vesicles

The Graafian Vesicles are numerous small globular transparent follicles found in the ovaries of mammals. Each follicle contains one ovum whic is expelled when it reaches maturity.

Haemoglobin

Haemoglobin is the protein that carries oxygen in the blood.

Hallux

The hallux is the innermost of the five digits which normally compose the hind foot of a vertebrate. In humans the big toe, in a bird the hind toe.

Hamate bone

The hamate bone is one of the bones in the human wrist.

Haversian Canals

The Haversian Canals are a network of minute canals, which traverse the solid substance of bones and proceed from the central cavity. They convey nutrient vessels to all parts.

Heart

The heart is the muscle in vertebrates which pumps blood around the body.

Hormone

A hormone is a product of the endocrine glands.

Humerus

The humerus is the long bone in the upper region of the human arm. It joins with the shoulder at the glenoid cavity.

Hypothalamus

The hypothalamus is the region of the human brain below the cerebrum which regulates rhythmic activity and physiological stability within the body, including water balance and temperature.

Ileum

The ileum is a continuation of the jejunum and opens into the colon.

Iliacus

The Iliacus is a muscle in the human thigh.

Insulin

Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas.

Interossei

Interossei are muscles in the human hand and foot.

Intestine

The intestine is the convoluted membranous tube which extends from the stomach to the anus and which receives the ingested food from the stomach, mixes it with bile, pancreatic juice and intestinal secretions, gives origin to the chyle and delivers the indigestible products from the system.

Intestines

see "Intestine"

Irregular bones

In anatomy, irregular bones are bones which do not fit into any of the other bone types. They are comprised of a spongy substance enclosed within a thin layer of compact bone.

Jejunum

The jejunum is the second part of the human small intestine. It is about 9 feet long.

Joint

A joint is a structure where two bones meet.

Jugular vein

The jugular vein returns blood from the head to the heart in vertebrates.

Kidney

The kidney is a gland used for filtering urine from the blood.

Kidneys

see "Kidney"

Labrum

The labrum is the ventral lobe in the front of an insect's head which covers the mouth parts.

Lachrymal gland

The lachrymal gland is a gland beneath the upper eye lid which secretes tears which drain from the inner corner of the eye through the Lachrymal duct to the nose.

Lacteals

Lacteals are small lymphatic vessels which arise from the mucous membrane lining of the small bowel.

Lambdoidal suture

The lambdoidal suture is a fissure which divides the parietal bone from the occipital bone in the human skull.

Larynx

The larynx is a cavity at the top of the trachea containing the vocal cords.

Leucocyte

Leucocytes is the anatomical term for colourless corpuscles. (White blood cells).

Leucocytes

Leucocytes is the anatomical term for colourless corpuscles. (White blood cells).

Lip

The lips are the fleshy edges of the opening of the mouth.

Liver

The liver is the largest gland in the human body. The liver has three functions: it secretes bile, stores glycogen and converts waste products into urea and uric acid for excretion.

Long bones

In human anatomy, long bones are found in the limbs where they form levers. They have a hollow shaft.

Longus capitis

The longus capitis is the human muscle which flexes the head.

Longus cervicis

The longus cervicis is the human muscle which bends the cervical portion of the vertebral column forwards.

Lumbar vertebrae

In human anatomy, the lumbar vertebrae are the 5 vertebrae following the thoracic vertebrae.

Lumbricals

The Lumbricals are muscles in the human fingers used in writing etc.

Lunate bone

The lunate bone is one of the bones in the human wrist.

Lung

see "Lungs"

Lungs

The lungs are organs used for respiration.

Malleus

The malleus is a small bone in the middle ear which transmits sound vibrations from the tympanum to the incus.

Mandible

In human anatomy, the mandible is the bone at the front and bottom of the skull (lower jaw).

Masseter

The masseter is the human muscle which moves the mandible for chewing.

Maxilla

The maxilla is the bone comprising the upper jaw in the human skull.

Maxillae

The maxillae form the upper jaw of the human skull.

Maxillary artery

In human anatomy, the maxillary artery is the larger terminal branch of the external cartoid artery. It rises behind the neck of the mandible and is at first imbedded in the partoid gland. It passes forwards between the neck of the mandible and the sphenomandibular ligament and then to the Lateral pterygoid and enters the pterygopalatine fossa between the two heads of that muscle.

Mentalis

The mentalis is a muscle in the human face, it raises and protudes the lower lip and wrinkles the skin of the chin.

Metacarpal

see "Metacarpus"

Metacarpus

The metacarpus are the five bones of the human palm.

Metaphase

Metaphase is the 2nd stage of mitosis cell reproduction. The chromosomes have become irregular V shaped and arrange themselves around the equator.

Metatarsal

see "Metatarsus"

Metatarsus

The metatarsus are the 5 bones in the anterior part of the human foot. They are between the tarsus and the phalanges.

Mitosis

Mitosis is cell reproduction by indirect division. It is the common method of division in the higher animals. It is characterised by a series of complex changes in the nucleus leading to its subdivision. The process takes between 30 minutes and a few hours, and is comprised of 4 stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and Telophase.

Mucin

Mucin is a protein and the principal constituent of mucus.

Mucous

Mucous is a term for surfaces which secret or are covered with mucus.

Mucus

Mucus is a thick fluid secreted by mucus membranes in animals. It acts as a protective barrier, lubricant and a carrier of enzymes.

Nasal

Nasal is a classification of human skull shape found in primarily in Negroes.

Neck

The neck is the part of the body which connects the head with the shoulders.

Nerve

The nerves are a part of the body which generate and transmit electrical impulses.

Nose

The nose is an animal's organ of smell.

Occipital bone

The occipital bone is the plate forming the back of the human skull.

Occipitofrontalis

The occipitofrontalis is the broad muscle of the human scalp.

Oesophageal

Oesophageal is a secretion from the membrane of the oesophagus. It is a mucus lubricant to assist peristalsis.

Oestrogen

Oestrogen is a hormone produced in the ovary of a vertebrate.

Omentum

The omentum is a long fold of the peritoneum. It is loaded with fat and lies in front of the bowels in the abdominal cavity. It protects the bowels and keeps them warm.

Orbicularis oculi

The orbicularis oculi is the broad, flat, elliptical muscle which occupies the human eylids and spreads down towards the cheek.

Orbit

In human anatomy, the orbits are a pair of roomy cavities in the skull which contain the eyes.

Orbital

Orbital is a classification of human skull shape and refers to the skulls of Tasmanians.

Orbital opening

The orbital openings are the eye-sockets in the human skull.

Os calcis

The Os calcis is the heel bone of the human foot.

Osseous tissue

see "bone"

Palatine bones

The palatine bones are part of the floor of the nasal cavity and the roof of the mouth in the human skull.

Pancreas

The pancreas is an elongated secreting gland which secretes pancreatic juice and insulin.

Parathyroid Glands

The parathyroid glands are two small glands in the neck concerned with the use of calcium in the body.

Parietal bone

The parietal bone is the plate on the top of the human skull, comprising most of the dome of the skull.

Parietal bones

The parietal bones form the sides and the roof of the human cranium.

Patella

The patella is the largest of the sesamoid bones. It is situated in front of the knee-joint. It is a flattened, triangular bone.

Pectineus

The Pectineus is a muscle in the human thigh.

Pelvis

The pelvis is a bony girdle in vertebrates that connects the body with the lower extremities.

Pericardium

The Pericardium is a conical, fibroserous sac containing the human heart and the roots of the major veins and arteries.

Phalange

The phalanges are the bones of the human digits (fingers).

Piriformis

The Piriformis is a muscle in the human hip.

Pisiform bone

The pisiform bone is one of the bones in the human wrist.

Pituitary gland

The pituitary gland is a gland within the brain concerned with regulating growth and regulating other ductless glands.

Placenta

The placenta connects a foetus to the uterine wall. It is the organ by means of which the nutritive, respiratory and excretory functions of the foetus are carried on.

Plantais

The Plantais is a muscle in the leg.

Plasma

Plasma is the liquid part of the blood.

Platysma

The platysma is a neck muscle in the human body.

Procerus

The procerus is a muscle in the human nose.

Progesterone

Progesterone is a hormone that regulates the menstrual cycle in vertebrates.

Prophase

Prophase is the 1st stage in mitosis cell reproduction. The nucleolus disappears and a number of chromosomes become apparent.

Pulmonary Artery

The pulmonary artery opens out of the right ventricle in the human heart and conveys venous blood to the lungs for collecting oxygen.

Quadrate Bone

The Quadrate Bone is a bone developed in reptiles and birds by means of which the lower jaw is articulated to the skull.

Radius

The radius is one of the two long bones which form the human lower arm.

Rectum

The rectum is the lowest portion of the large intestine, terminating at the anus.

Rib

In anatomy, the ribs are elastic arches of bone which are connected behind with the vertebral column and form a large part of the skeleton of the thorax.

Sacrum

In human anatomy, the sacrum is the large triangular bone inserted like a wedge between the two hip bones. It is formed by the fusion of the five sacral vertebrae.

Sagittal suture

The sagittal suture is the fissure running along the length of the top of the human skull dividing the parietal bone into two hemispheres.

Saliva

Saliva is a secretion from the salivary glands in the oral cavity. It contains mucus to lubricate food and enzymes.

Scaphoid

The scaphoid is a small bone in the human hand.

Scaphoid bone

The scaphoid bone is one of the bones in the human wrist.

Sciatic

The sciatic is a nerve in the leg.

Sclerous tissue

Sclerous tissue provides the stiffening which is essential for the formation of the general framework of the body. There are two varieties of sclerous tissue: cartilage and bone.

Sebaceous glands

The sebaceous glands are ducts in the skin which secrete oil to lubricate the skin and hair.

Secretin

Secretin is a hormone produced by the small intestine in vertebrates that stimulates the production of digestive secretions.

Semitendinosus

The Semitendinosus is a muscle in the human thigh.

Septum

A septum is a muscular partition seperating the two sides of the human heart.

Short bone

In human anatomy, short bones occur where the skeleton is intended for strength. Short bones consist of a spongy substance surrounded by a thin crust of compact bone.

Short bones

In human anatomy, short bones are part of the skeleton designed for strength and compactness. They are comprised of a spongy substance surrounded by a thin crust of compact bone.

Sinus

A sinus is an air-filled space in the diploe of a skull bone.

Skeleton

The skeleton is the hard internal or external framework of bones, cartilage or shell which provides protection for an animals organs, provides fixing points for the muscles and a general frame for the body.

Skin

In the human body, skin, or Dermoid Tissue, is composed of two layers, the cuticle, epidermis or epithelium and the corium or dermis.

Sphenoid bone

The sphenoid bone is situated at the base of the human skull, in front of the temporal bones and the basilar part of the occipital bone.

Spinales

The spinales are human muscles which extend the vertebral column.

Spleen

The spleen is an organ of vertebrates that regulates the number of red blood cells.

Splenii

The splenii are two muscles in the human body, the splenius capitis and the spelnius cervicis. They are used to move the head backwards, to one side and to rotate it.

Splenius capitis

see "Splenii"

Splenius cervicis

see "Splenii"

Sternocostalis

The sternocostalis is a muscle in the human body.

Sternohyoid

The sternohyoid is a muscle in the human body which dpresses the hyoid bone.

Sternomastoid

The sternomastoid is a muscle in the human neck.

Sternum

In anatomy, the sternum is a long flat bone which forms the median portion of the anterior wall of the thorax. The top of the sternum supports the clavicles.

Subclavius

The Subclavius is a muscle in the human body between the clavicle and the first rib. It steadies the clavicle during movements of the shoulder.

Supinator

The Supinator is a muscle surrounding the upper one-third of the radius in the human arm. It is used to rotate the radius, thereby turning the palm of the hand forwards.

Suture

A suture is an anatomical term for an articulation found only in the skull, where the margins of the bones articulate with one another, but are separated by a thin layer of fibrous tissue (sutural ligament) and is continuous externally with the periosteum on the outside of the skull and internally with the fibrous layer of the dura mater.

Synovial joint

In anatomy, a synovial joint is one where the bones are covered with articular cartilage but are not attached to each other. These joints allow extensive movement.

Talus

In human anatomy, the talus is the principle connecting link between the foot and the bones of the leg and has an important part in the formation of the ankle.

Tapetum

The tapetum is the irregular sector in certain animal's eyes which shines owing to an absence of black pigment. Tapetum is found in the eyes of cats.

Tarsal

see "tarsus"

Tarsus

In human anatomy, the tarsus comprises 7 short bones which make up the skeleton of the posterior half of the foot.

Teat

The teat is the small protuberance at the tip of the breast of female mammals upon which the ducts of the mammary gland open to supply milk to the suckling young.

Telophase

Telophase is the 4th stage of mitosis cell reproduction. The nuclear membrane and the nucleolus reappear and the cytoplasm undergoes constriction around the equator of the achromatic spindle. The constriction deepens and the original cell is gradually divided.

Temple

In anatomy, the temple is the flat part either side of the head between the forehead and the ear.

Temporal bones

The temporal bones are situated at the sides and base of the human skull. They assist in the protection of the cerebrum and the transmission of sound waves to the ear.

Temporalis

The temporalis is the human facial muscle which raises the mandible, closing the mouth.

Tendon

A tendon is a connective tissue that joins muscles to bone in vertebrates.

Tensor

A tensor is a type of muscle which tightens or stretches a part of the body.

Testes

Testes is the plural of testis.

Testicle

Testicle is another name for testis.

Testis

The testis is the male organ in which sperm are produced. Most mammals have two testis enclosed in the scrotum.

Testosterone

Testosterone is the male sex hormone secreted by the testes.

Thalamus

The thalamus is the interior region of the brain where certain important sensory nerves, especially the optic nerve, originate.

Theca

In anatomy, a theca is a case or sheath which encloses some organ or part.

Thenar

The thenar is the ball of muscle at the base of the thumb.

Thoracic vertebrae

In anatomy, the thoracic vertebrae are the 12 vertebrae following from the cervical vertebrae. They provide articulation for the ribs.

Thorax

The thorax in vertebrates is the part of the body containing the heart and lungs and protected by the rib cage.

Thymus

The thymus is a ductless glandular body situated near the base of the neck in vertebrates. Its function is uncertain, and in man it disappears or diminishes soon after childhood.

Thyroid

The thyroid is an endocrine gland near the larynx in vertebrates. It influences growth and development.

Thyroid gland

see "Thyroid"

Tibia

The tibia is the medial and stronger of the two bones of the leg. It is prismoid in form, and posesses a shaft and two ends. Its purpose is to support the weight of the body.

Tibiotarsus

In birds, the tibiotarsus is the equivalent of the tibia, but it is fused at the lower end with some of the bones of the tarsus.

Tongue

The tongue is a muscular organ in the mouth of a tetrapod.

Tonsils

The tonsils are a pair of small organs on either side of the root of the tongue composed of lymphatic tissue and instrumental in protecting the throat from infection.

Tooth

A tooth is a hard structure in the mouth of vertebrates.

Trachea

The trachea (windpipe) carries air from the larynx to the bronchi.

Trapezium

The trapezium is a small bone in the human hand below the little finger.

Trapezium bone

The trapezium bone is one of the bones in the human wrist.

Trapezius

The trapezius is a human muscle. It is a flat, triangular muscle, covering the back of the neck and shoulder.

Trapezoid bone

The trapezoid bone is one of the bones in the human wrist.

Triceps

The Triceps are muscles situated on the back of the upper arms in the human body.

Triquetral bone

The triquetral bone is one of the bones in the human wrist.

Trochanter

The trochanter is a protuberance in the upper part of the femur to which the muscles attach.

Trochoides

In anatomy, a trochoides is a pivot joint.

Trypsin

Trypsin is an enzyme present in pancreatic juice. It converts proteins into peptones.

Tympanum

The tympanum (middle ear) is a cavity in the temporal bone filled with air, closed externally by the tympanic membrane and containing a chain of small bones which convey sound vibrations to the inner ear.

Ulna

The ulnar is one of the two long bones which form the human lower arm. It connects with the humerus at the elbow.

Unciform

The unciform is a small bone in the human hand below the first finger.

Ureter

The Ureters are two membranous tubes which carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder in vertebrates.

Urethra

The urethra is a membranous canal which leads from the bladder to the outside world. It channels urine from the bladder out of the body.

Uterus

The uterus (womb) is the organ in which young are conceived, develope and are protected until birth.

Vein

A vein carries venous blood from the body to the heart.

Ventricle

The ventricles are chambers within the heart which force blood along the arteries.

Vertebra

The vertebrae are the bones of the vertebral column. Vertebrae are irregular bones comprised of two distinct parts, an anterio termed the body, and a posterior part termed the vertebral arch.

Vertebral column

The vertebral column is the central axis of all vertebrate animals. It is comprised of a number of independant irregular bones (vertebrae), which are firmly connected to one another, but are capable of a limited amount of independant movement.

Vomer

The vomer is a thin flat bone which forms the hinder and lower part of the septum of the human nose.

Waist

The waist is the part of the body between the ribs and the hips.

Yolk

The yolk is part of an embryo which serves as nutrition for the rest of the embryo.

Zygomatic bone

In a human, the zygomatic bone is the bone in the skull responsible for the prominence of the upper and anterior part of the cheek. It forms the lateral part of the lower margin of the orbital opening.